By Chandeshwar Yadav‘Gonzo’ is a style of journalism which gives the ‘voice of people’ top priority.
It contains news, views or thoughts of the society i.e. reader, listener or viewer, which reflects the genuine voice of people belonging to all sections of the society.
‘GONZO JOURNALISM’ is a style of journalism which is written subjectively, often including the reporter as part of the story via a first person narrative.
The style tends to blend factual and fictional elements to emphasise an underlying message and engage the reader.
The word ‘Gonzo’ was first used in 1970 to describe an article by Hunter S Thompson, who later popularised the style.
The term has since been applied to other subjective artistic endeavours.
‘Gonzo’ journalism tends to favour style over accuracy and often uses personal experiences and emotions to provide context for the topic or event being covered.
It disregards the ‘polished’ edited product favoured by newspaper media and strives for the gritty factor.
Use of quotations, sarcasm, humour, exaggeration, and even profanity is common. The use of ‘Gonzo journalism’ portends that journalism can be truthful without striving for objectivity and is loosely equivalent to an editorial.
The term ‘Gonzo’ in connection to Thompson was first used by Boston Globe magazine editor Bill Cardoso in 1970 when he described Thompson’s The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved, which was written for the June 1970 Scanlan’s Monthly, as “pure ‘Gonzo journalism’.”
Cardoso claimed that ‘Gonzo’ was South Boston Irish slang describing the last man standing after an all night drinking marathon.
Cardoso also claimed that it was a corruption of the French Canadian word ‘gonzeaux’, which means “shining path”, although this is disputed.
In Italian, ‘Gonzo’ is a common word for a gullible person, a ‘sucker’. Another speculation is that the word may have been inspired by the 1960 hit song Gonzo by New Orleans R&B keyboardist James Booker.
This last possibility seems to be supported by the 2007 oral biography of Thompson where it is stated that the term ‘Gonzo’ is taken from a hit song by Booker.
Yet, this conclusion still says little of why Thompson or Cardoso would use that word and not another. According to a Greg Johnson biographical note on Booker, the song title ‘Gonzo’ comes from a 1960’s character in a movie called ‘The Pusher’.
The movie on the other hand seems to have been inspired by a 1956 Evan Hunter’s novel by the same title, so it remains a mystery as to - who first used this word in American slang, and why.
‘Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream’ followed the Mint 400 piece in 1971 and included a main character by the name of Raoul Duke, accompanied by his attorney, Dr Gonzo.
Although this book is considered to be a prime example of ‘Gonzo journalism’, Thompson said that it was a failed experiment. He had intended it to be an unedited record of everything he did as it happened, but he edited the book five times before it was eventually published.
Thompson would instigate events himself, often in a prankish or belligerent manner, and then document both his actions and those of others.
Notoriously neglectful of deadlines, Thompson often greatly annoyed his editors because he often faxed articles late, too late to be edited but just in time to make the printers. It is speculated that Thompson’s work going to print unedited due to a late delivery was completely intentional.
Thompson wanted his work to be read as he wrote it, in its “true Gonzo” form. “I don’t get any satisfaction out of the old traditional journalist’s view— ’I just covered the story. I just gave it a balanced view’,” Thompson said in an interview for the online edition of The Atlantic.
“Objective journalism is one of the main reasons American politics has been allowed to be so corrupt for so long. You can’t be objective about Nixon.”
Historian Douglas Brinkley said ‘Gonzo journalism’ requires virtually no rewriting and frequently uses transcribed interviews and verbatim telephone conversations. ‘Gonzo journalism’ can be seen as an offshoot of the New Journalism movement in the sixties, led primarily by Tom Wolfe, and also championed by Lester Bangs and George Plimpton. It has largely been subsumed into creative non-fiction.
The work of Greg Palast, however, is considered by many to be a revival of ‘Gonzo journalism’. ‘Gonzo’ also occurs when an author cannot remove himself from the subject he investigates.
In some cases - such as tornado chasing, wherein most documenting is done by the person driving the car and holding the camera - the ‘Gonzo’ element is inherent. In most other cases, however, it is a deliberate and voluntary choice of the journalist, or the media firm for which he or she works.
Thompson felt that objectivity in journalism was a myth. The term has now become a bona-fide style of writing that concerns itself with “telling it like it is”, not far from the ‘o Fist’, a two-thumbed symbol attributed to Thompson originally used as the slogan for his 1970 campaign for sheriff of Aspen, contains within the image a peyote button, the bud of a cactus plant that has hallucinogenic properties when ingested.
The fist is combined with the word ‘Gonzo’, so styled as to form the hilt of a sword. In other contexts, ‘Gonzo’ has come to mean “with reckless abandon,” or, more broadly, “extreme”.
‘Gonzo’ porn refers to pornographic films which are filmed by a participant, and as such have eliminated fictional plot and scripted dialogue and focus on the fornication.
Greater the exposure given to villagers’ problems by ‘Gonzo journalism’ higher is the chance of familiarity in the society.
‘Gonzo journalism’ accelerates or increases the power of expression i.e. the fundamental right of the entire citizen.
It also increases the process of democratisation. In reality the democracy shall be meaningful only when it is strengthened at the grassroots level.
For this purpose ‘Gonzo journalism’ plays a very vital role. ‘Gonzo journalism’ must awaken people so that the rural community could be made willing to accept the change and became flexible to adopt new measures in resolving their socio-economic problems.
‘Gonzo journalism’ may also play an effective role in influencing the political elite, bureaucracy and other decision making agencies in order to implement and decide policies with budgetary support in larger interest of rural community.
‘Gonzo journalism’ established a milestone in respect to social welfare by using the voice of the persons belongs from society.
Participation of society members in the activities of ‘Gonzo journalism’ is like oxygen for life.
Due to its participatory nature it is obvious that the ‘Gonzo journalism’ has had a very considerable effect on journalism everywhere.
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